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CYTOKINES, GROWTH FACTORS & HORMONES
Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by numerous cells and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication. Cytokines can be classified as proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins; the term "cytokine" encompasses a large and diverse family of regulators produced throughout the body by cells of diverse embryological origin.
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth,[1] proliferation and cellular differentiation. Usually it is a protein or a steroid hormone. Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes.
A hormone (from Greek ὁρμή, "impetus") is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism.
S. R. McKechnie and G. B. Drummond. Cytokines, neurokines or both? Mixed mechanisms of mechanical lung injury. J. Physiol, 2010; 588: 1813 - 1814.
Luigi Fontana, Manlio Vinciguerra, et al. Growth Factors, Nutrient Signaling, and Cardiovascular Aging. Circ. Res, 2012; 110: 1139 - 1150.
Eileen Conaway. Bioidentical Hormones: An Evidence-Based Review for Primary Care Providers. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 2011; 111: 153 - 164.
